Nationalism+Industrialization+and+Imperialism




 * Treaty of Westphalia**
 * Who || The Peace of Westphalia treaties involved the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III of the House of Habsburg, the Kingdoms of Spain, France, Sweden, the Dutch Republic, the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire. ||
 * What || It was a treaty which ended the Thirty years war in the Holy Roman Empire. It also ended the eighty years war in Spain. The treaty allowed for nations to establish a specific soverigty over an area of land for a ruler and nation. ||
 * When || It was between May of October of 1648. ||
 * Where || In Osnabruck and Munste ||
 * Why || The treaty resulted from the first modern diplomatic congress, thereby initiating a new political order in central Europe, based upon the concept of a sovereign state governed by a sovereign. ||

2) Nationalism

 * Define nationalism**- A strong feeling of loyalty towards your nation, which than causes you to believe you're the best and everyone should be like where your from.

Take notes on the following. Make sure you connect the events back to nationalism. of alience to protect Germany and divert European attention elsewhere
 * Unification of Italy || * Was headed by Camillo di Cavour
 * Hhe supported industrial development which extended the powers of the parliaments to please liberal forces.
 * Formed an alliance with France which enabled him to attack Austrian control of northern Italian provinces in 1858, which led to Italy become united after Italy became ruled under the Piedmontes King. ||
 * Unification of Germany || * Germany's rapid growth in industrialzation led to unification
 * Bismark conscious of the rapid growth in the 1880s used manipulation to build a complex system
 * France was Germanies greatest enemy, but it was focued on imperialst exspansion in Africa and Asia at this point ||
 * Zionism || * A promotion in Palestine that was used for the Jews so that they could gain soverign rights over the palestine area
 * Lord Balfour of the British foreign secretary promised **Zionist** leaders in 1917 that his government would promote this establishment
 * The ledg was fasioned into the Balfour Declaration which was approved by the British War Cabinet, fed existing aspirations to zionist who seeked to return to their anchient homeland of origin
 * Before World War One, a formation of organizations occurred due to these dreams
 * Some supported Jewish emigration while others supported establishing a whole Jewish state there
 * Jews were determined to establish their nation ||
 * Brazilian Independance || * Began when the Portuguese royal family fled Portugal to go to Brazil.
 * Brazil was left equal with Portugal and new opportunities to world commerce
 * With the arrival of the Portuguese king, Dom **Joao VI in** 1820 the of the Portuguese bureaucrats got in the way of the nationlism in Brazil, which led to rebellions ||
 * Monroe Doctrine || * A doctrine declared by the United States of America in 1823 by the president **James Monroe**
 * Stated that the western hempishphere (Americas) were no longer allowed to be colonized by the European forces
 * The U.S stated that they would not interfere in existing colonizes or internal European incidents ||
 * Argentine Republic || * By 1831 Juan Manuel de Rosas took control of Argentine
 * He supported a weak central government and a local autonomy which the people did not aceppt
 * In 1852 the coalition defeated Rosas and a new constitution was introduced in 1853 by Juan Bautista Alberdi which led to the establishment of the Argetine Republic ||
 * Balkan Nationalism || * A pride of the Balkan nations which they had which convinced them to revoult against Austria
 * Russia and Austria came tol multiple blows over Bulkan issues during several occasions
 * In 1912 and 1914 two Balkan nations engaged in two internal wars which led to territoral gains for some states but satisfyied no one
 * Serbia hoped for greater stakes and in 1914 the Serbian nationalist assasinated the Austrian archduke on behalf of Serbian claims
 * Russia rushed to the defense of Serbia when Austria made attempts to fight back
 * Germany allied with Austria over the issue, and soon world war one had begun ||

===3) Summarize the global impact of nationalism (limit to 200 words/ 1/2 page) === ===Nationalism was a growing feeling in areas during the industrial era. The nationalist beliefs of the people led to eventually revoult against their oppresors and establish a nation that they felt was the best. Nationalism encouraged a nation to build and extended the power of its military and land. The land of the nationserved to inspire people to better make everyone like the nation they felt was great. The Italian revolution for example was a revoult against the Austrians who had seized control over most of north Italy. After they attacked the Austrians and united Italy, they were able to be free and establish Italy. Nationalism on an imperial level can be seen as the British empire. The British empire was the most powerful empire in the world at the time. They were able to extend their control over these lands because of their military strength and cabability to occupy a nation. While in another nation the people of the British emprie tried to spread their culture on to others as they belived that they were the best nation. This resulted in the British trying to change an take control of much of the world. This was nationalism on an imperial level. Nationalism could both be a factor to cause a nation to revoult against and oppresor or a strong belief that the nation was thee best so it should try to make others like them. ===

4)Look at the data below and answer the questions that follow
//Index Numbers of World Trade (Volume of trade in selected years compared to 1913)// // Iron Production (1000's Metric Tons) // //Years of Life Expectancy at Birth//
 * Year || Index Number ||
 * 1850 || 10 ||
 * 1870 || 24 ||
 * 1895 || 48 ||
 * 1901 || 67 ||
 * 1911 || 96 ||
 * 1913 || 100 ||
 * || 1830 || 1850 || 1913 ||
 * Britain || 700 || 2,716 || 9,792 ||
 * France || 244 || 1,262 || 4,626 ||
 * Russia || 167 || 231 || 3,870 ||
 * Germany || 111 || 246 || 14,836 ||
 * Country || Year: 1820 || Year: 1900 ||
 * Britain || 40 || 50 ||
 * Average,rest of Western Europe || 36 || 46 ||
 * United States || 39 || 47 ||
 * Japan || 34 || 44 ||
 * Russia || 28 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Latin America || 27 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Asia || 23 || 24 ||
 * Average all Africa || 23 || 2 ||

I feel that the most significant data set is the Life Expectancy at Birth. I feel that this is the most important set of data because the longer that a person can live, them ore a nation can offer them and use them. For example if someone has a life expectancy of only 20 years, than that person will have to work extremely hard right away. They will most likely not be able to achieve a high education and their people can only do a minimun of what they know. Now if you have a life expectancy of 40 years, well you now have extra time to make this person more intelligent. You can develop a school system and send them there for an amount of years to be educated. By educating an individual in studies or in trades, you teach this individual to be more complex. With a more complex person working in that countries system, they can use their knowledge to attain new ways of producing money and became grander. Thus the country would become more powerful and controlling.
 * Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why?**

These data sets show us that during the years prior to the 1900s trade wasn't common. With trade not common in amounts, the production of materials (the example iron given to us here) isn't very high either. All of this together than reveals that the life expectancy is rather low. Now if you take a look approching the 1900s, and 1913 in specific, things change. Trade becomes more frequent in the world and nations participate to no end. With trade being frequent, the production of a material to use to sell and trade also increases. This brings in revenue for the nation to use on other aspects of life. With money for instance health care can be developed and advance, as well as studying how humans can get sick leads to a high life expectancy. With a high life expectancy the cycle begins again and the numbers continue to rise.
 * Taken together what do these data sets tell us?**

5) Read the following and answer the questions below
[|Industrial Revolution Introduction.pdf]

The Industrial revolution was a point in history that began in Europe and spread to other nations such as the U.S and by 1914 was becoming a global development. The Industrial revolution focused heavily on the development on modern machinery and technology. This technology would provide better soucres of energy such as coal, and steam. The machinery also helped with mass production of materials as workers began to work in factories under a moderated group. These workers were anything from men, women, to children. They would in mils and factories producing items such as textiles. The revolution led to nationalism, colonialism, a rapid rise in population and the rise of global economies.
 * What was the Industrial revolution?**

The Industrial revolution first began in Britain during the late 18th century. As a result of the new enlightenment ideas emerging, rationality, rise in food and population, Britain sought to satisfy its demand for cotton textiles. Due to the global economy Britain was involved in, it relied on getting materials from other nations and powers. It came apparent that Britain wanted to be able to mass produce items faster to add to the global economy.
 * What was its origins?**


 * What were its major effects?**
 * T**he industrial revolution led to a rise in populations. New jobs emerged for individuals such as women and men who no longer would need to be restricted to a household. Governments soon began to take new responsibilities to help its people, and equality and freedom for people was emerging in nations. Organized groups in urban areas such as police were begginning to form. New ways of gathering and using energy were used to now be able to mass produced items for effictiantly and productivly

6)Notes
giving them more freedoms then prieviously offered
 * **1.)Gender Roles** || * New job oppertunities emerge for women, so that they no longer must remain secluded in the household


 * Was not encouraged as women had priviously never been allowed to be out of the house and offered women their first types of equality to men
 * In the 1900s feminist movements began to challenge society to gain rights for women ||
 * **2.) Family Structures** || * A bigger focus on nuclear family
 * The importance of children increased, and parents gained a responsibility over their kids
 * Kids were being changed from working to being educated


 * By 1900 families could enjoy above the basic luxuries
 * Could afford newspaper, outings, house improvements, and health care
 * Better care in hygiene, and pregnancies ||
 * **3.) Social Structures** || * New jobs allow for the creation of a middle class in society
 * New opportunities are presented to people due to better pay and work hours
 * Women are also able to achieve an income by having a job outside the household


 * Children are now presented with education for a long period of time
 * Education is now seen to be vital for work skills
 * Some societies start to make education mandatory ||
 * **4.) Extension of Voting Rights(Chartist Movement)** || **Chartist movement** hoped that democratic government would regulate new technologies and promote popular education
 * Lower classes use protest as a means of gaining benefits for industrial change
 * artisans and workers in Britain generated new movement to gain right to vote in 1830s and 40s
 * urban artisans pressed for serious social reform-- ie. socialism, government supported jobs for unemployed
 * **Benjamin Disraeli**, British conservative leader, took initiative of granting vote to working class men in 1867
 * **Otto von Bismarck**- Prussian prime minister- worked with Parliament and extended vote to all men
 * 1914- women able to vote in several American states and Scandinavian countries ||
 * **5.) Mass Leisure Culture** || * Papers and magezines had bold headlines and compelling stories of human interest
 * Featured shock and entertainment more than appeals to reason or political princriple
 * Crime, imperialst exploits, sports, and even comics

, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature
 * By the 1900s these themes led to emerging industries and businesses
 * Motion pictures/ entertainement industry emerges as well as new entertainments
 * Families go on vacation to these entertainments ||
 * **6.)Romanticism** || **Romanticism**:central artistic vision, held that emotion and impression, not reason and generalization were keys to mysteries of human experience and nature
 * Artistic style which held that emotion and impression, not reasoning and generalization
 * Artist portrayed intense passions, even madness, not calm reflection
 * painting could be evocative, not literal

philosophical debate
 * Writers of romantic novels tried moving readers to tears, and not have them read and think of
 * poetry did not have to rhyme
 * drama did not need a plot ||
 * **7.) Socialism** || * The risse of **socialism** depended on power of grievances of working class and allies from other groups
 * reflected redefinition of political theory by German theorist Karl Marx
 * 1848- early socialist doctrine, focused on human perfectibility: set up few exemplary communities where work and rewards would be shared, and evils of capitalism end


 * Believed that history was shaped by the available means of production and who controlled those means, a reflection of looming role of technology in industrial world forming at the time
 * Led to **revisionism**
 * Argued that Marx's revolutionary vision was wrong and that success could be achieved by peaceful democratic means ||
 * **8.)Communism** || * Sociopolitical movement which attempts to have only a single class, as everyone will be an equal
 * Structured on common ownership, means of productions, free access to articles of consumption, and the end of wage labor and private property in the means of production and real estate
 * no classes, competition, freedom of speech ||

[[image:mrgreenapworld:british_empire.png width="648" height="388" caption="british_empire.png"]]

 * ~  ||~ Great Britain ||~ France ||~ Belgium ||~ Netherlands ||~ Germany (1914) ||
 * ~ Area in Square Miles || 94,000 || 212,600 || 11,800 || 13,200 || 210,000 ||
 * ~ Population || 45,500,100 || 42,000,000 || 8,300,000 || 8.500,000 || 67,500,000 ||
 * ~ Area of Colonies || 13,100,000 || 4,300,000 || 940,000 || 790,000 || 1,100,000 ||
 * ~ Population of Colonies || 470,000,000 || 65,000,000 || 13,000,000 || 66,000,000 || 13,000,000 ||

//Percentage of Territories Belonging to the European/US Colonial Powers// (1900)
 * ||~ Percentage Controlled ||~  ||
 * ~ Africa || 90.4% ||
 * ~ Polynesia || 98.9% ||
 * ~ Asia || 56.5% ||
 * ~ Australia || 100.0% ||
 * ~ Americas || 27.2% ||

In this map it shows that the British empire controlled most of the world. While they had a small main land area, their population was extremely high. As a result of their population being so high and needing to support major people, they colonized locations. They had the most control over any amount of colonies and extra land in the world. Since they had a colony in roughly ever single continent they were wide spread and clearly controlled most of the world. As a result of their domination they assumed their role as being the greatest empire of all and tried using this to help some areas when colonizing believing their ways were better.

8)**Imperialism-** The extent of a nations influence outside of its selective borders/homeland.


 * 9)What were the motivations for Imperialism?**


 * Nationalism
 * Benefits

For many nations in order for imperialism to occur they first needed the motivation to begin to take part in it. For many nations such as Great Britain a strong sense of nationalism led to imperialism. Great Britain at the time was indeed fit to be called "great". It had the most advance technology of anywhere in the world. As political order went, it was the most maintained (not neccesarially the best) as it wasn't absolute, as it had a king along with a parliament. The people of Great Britain also believed in their success and as a result their nationalism was extremely high. While Great Britain had already taken part in settling and colonizing areas, they knew of the advantages imperializing land would be. They already reaped economic benefits from colonizes in Africa, Americas, and Asia, so as a result why would they stop? By imperializing they could grow more in strength and continue to become increasingly great.

10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.
The British East India Company The company was supported by the English Royal charter, and it was hoped that it could help Britain monopolize the East Indies area as it monitored trade. Several expeditions by this company led to settlements in India and Asian waters, where the British could set up base for ships to refuel as well as monitor the ongoing trade as they hoped to monopolize some goods such as cinnamon. ||
 * The British East India Company || A joint-stock company that bought and purchased rights to trade in the east Indies (specifically India and China).
 * Sepoys || Indian people who were recruited as soldiers for the British army as it tried to solve conflicts and disputes between local princes in India. ||
 * British Raj || The name given to the British establishment of government in India. ||
 * Partition of Africa/ Berlin Conference || German chancellor, Otto von Bismarck called forth a meeting, which divided Africa amongst the European nations ||
 * Settlement Colonies || The second type of colonies used by the British that were sued to establish a hold in a permanent area to use to obtain resources, rather than just settle to hold the land from others. ||
 * White dominions || Accounted for small areas of the British empire where the residents were decedents of the British settlers who originally traveled to the loction and had wiped out the indigenous population of people. ||
 * Cecil Rhodes || An entrepreneur who was attracted to the Orange free state in 1867 after the discovery of diamonds ||
 * James Cook || 1777 to 1779 he helped to open Hawaii to the west through his voyages there ||


 * 11. Now go through your book and complete the graphic organizer below**
 * Country || How Britain gained control - steps to conquest || Actions taken by Britain when in control/ power || Effects/ Reactions ||
 * India || * After the arrival of the British, they soon took advantage of the princes who assumed they were allying with them, when they were merely meddling into conflicts
 * Began to employ the use of **sepoys.**
 * established the use of **British Raj**


 * Fought multiple battles to further gain control of areas
 * As a result of the Battle of Plassey the British gained major land power.
 * the battle of Siraj ud-daula led to the control of Bengal. || * The British left most of the Indian princes that they allied with in charge over their land
 * The sepoy were still used to solve disputes in the areas
 * Established a police in the Indian part of the empire by recruiting Indian people to be the police force


 * British parliament passed several laws
 * Restructured the company hierarchy so it could be more accountable of the British government
 * British outlawed sati. || * India began to be remade into a westernized area
 * The ideas, technologies, that the Industrial era had were brought to India
 * Education in English began with more developments such as rail roads were used to further industrialize India. ||
 * South Africa || * The Cape town colony was originally controlled by the Dutch
 * When the French revolution began and the French overran Holland, their colonies were subject to attack
 * The British seized the opportunity given and seized the Cape town colony in the 1790s and finally annexed it in 1815 || * British attempted to eradicate slavery from the area
 * British interfearence in the boers lives drove some to start a rebellion
 * Rebellion failed and the remaining boers fled the Cape colony


 * British establishment of the **Natal** outpost led to a revival of conflicts with the boers
 * Boers had established the **Boer Republics** in the Orange free state, which the British tried to stay away from
 * After the discovery of diamonds in the Orange free state British ad boer tensions rose again as the British tried to get their hands on these goods || * Tensions between the British an the boers eventually was to great
 * **The Boer war** began which was a conflcit between the British and boers
 * British eventually won however they lost a large amount of lives and resources as a result ||
 * New Zealand || * In the early 1850s the British farmers and herders arrived on the island
 * The British soon decided that they should add the island to their global empire
 * The Maori people who were there prior to the British soon began to feel the tension ofthe British presence as they fell into despair


 * The British military began to occupy the most fertile areas of the northern island
 * Maori fought the British with some success, but they soon began to be pushed back into the interior of the island
 * Desperate attempts to remove the British were taken in 1860s and 1870s as the warlike Maori turned to religion for charms and power, however it had reached the point where the British wouldn't be leaving || * British establish a internal administration with settler representation
 * Colonial education begins and a growing increase in the British ability to win colonial officials
 * Establish a permanent residence in New Zealand || * New Zealand is added to British Empires control, however it isn't a completely white dominion
 * Multiracial society exist as the Maori and British are still both present on the island
 * Maori are still able to preserve some of their culture ||


 * 12)Write a 1/2 - 1 page summary where you explain the connections between Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism**
 * Nationalism, imperialism, and industrialization all relate to each other in that one leads to the other like a chain of dominos falling. First usually industrialization starts in a nation. As a nation becomes ore industrialized it is able to better support itself and its people. The economy allows for the military and new technologies to be developed to help propel the nation ahead of others. As the nation has grown bigger and more powerful due to industrialization, it now moves into stage two which is nationalism. Nationalism occurs when the people of the nation feel proud to be from that nation as they feel it’s the perfect place. This society usually has no internal conflicts, and a standard system allows for the people to be happy. Finally we move into stage three now. Supported by the nationistic beliefs that their nation is great and even wanting to gain more income, the nation begins imperialism. Imperialism is when the nation will now travel outside its border that it controls, and goes to another area and spreads its control. By spreading its control the nation gains more income, land, and can ultimately grow ever stronger. The three stages all intertwine with one another as in order for one result to happen another must occur first. However nationalism and industrialization can be flipped in there order. Sometimes a government oppresses its people and a national belief to change the wrong doing such as in France during the French revolution leads the people to rebel against the oppressed government. Once the government has been revised then the people can begin to make everything better by pushing technologies and works that were behind forward. That can than lead to industrialization which will bring in the revenue to start imperialism. **