Russia+and+china

1) **Read In Depth p.684 take brief notes and answer the questions**
Notes: -Revolutions had previously been unpopular, but as the 20th century progesses, espically after 1945 revolutions become a strong upheavile -Peasants were newly spurred by the many developments of the time -Inustrial revolutio proked rioting when people lost land to companies -Promises for better jobs and llife styles in colonies contributed -Economic and military rivalries often led to unessasry war, which would provide oppurtunities for colonies to rebell -New ideaologies and a desire to catch up to the west emerged


 * The external forces that weakened both Mexico and China, at the time was the many industrial, and imperial powers that were near or controlled them. In Mexico, the United States is right next door, and as a result can have a domience over Mexico, by drawing people away from Mexico, and having them comee to the U.S. In China's case, the imperial powers obtained land within China, and made it so that China had to trade with them, and they could trade with other people there themselves. In China, the key group behind rebellions were those who opposed the intergration of imperial powers in China, such as the group who started the boxer rebellion. In Russia, they were the peasant class who'd been mistreated and were suffering the most (although for the tsar uprisings, everyone was involved). In each case they were important because of the fact that this was the group hat was most affected, or most wanted change in the area. In China the people were revolting technically against a foreign allowing government, that was controlled by outside imperial powers, where in Russia they were revolting against the actual government. However they both did revoult against their governments to try to get where they wanted (not all suceeded i.e China).

2)Notes

 * === Revolution in Russia p681-685 ===
 * === Stalinism in the Soviet Union p698-703 ===
 * === Eastern Europe after WWII p750-759 ===
 * === Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s p841-847 ===


 * // Revolution in Russia p681-685 //**

__//MI: As Russia pushed for a revolution to solve its weak government problems, more problems arose, as the new political heads in charge tried to push for a new type of non-western government, communism.//__
 * __//Revolution In Russa:Liberalism to Communism//__**
 * In March of 1917 the tsars began to lose control of the people with growing problems as a result of World War one
 * Food shortages were heavy in amount, and work was low
 * The people of Russia called for a new political government to rule over Russia


 * Soon a revolution was beggining in Russia, lead by people such as **Alexander Kerensky**, who wanted a genuine parlimentry rule
 * People also desired religious freedomes and legal changes
 * Basically a western government was desired


 * Liberalism was not a held thing in Russia, and soon Russia found itself in another revolution to expel liberal leaders
 * After their expulsion, the radical Bolshevik Social Democratic party took over
 * The key revolutionary of this part was Lenin, who gained strong support from urban workers and major cities


 * Lenin's part was not the most supported party in Russia
 * Removed the parliments who would be elected and replaced them with Bolshevik Soviets
 * Russia was not to have a western government, and soon communism was taking over the land

__//**Stabilization of Russia's Communist Regime**//__ //__Mi:As time went on in Russia, things began to stablize, as the new communist government began to succeed where the Tsars had failed__//
 * Trotsky began to recruit and establish a proud **Red Army** full of loyal people
 * Economic disarray was reduced in 1921 with Lenin's **New Economic policy** which set new policies and helped to support business owners
 * By 1923 the Bolshevik revolution moved Russia's capitial to Moscow, and the new **Union of Soviet Socialist Republicans** was formed, which had the **supreme Soviets** acting as a parlimentry

MI:Soon the Communist government that had been established was greater enpowered by Joseph Stalin who rose to keep himself, as well as the communist government in power, even trying to spread it to other nations
 * //__Soviet Experimentation__//**
 * Communist began to try to expand and recruit other nations to join them
 * Organizations helped to solve social problems using specific groups
 * Education was promoted by the governmt as well as educational propoganda


 * Education system put in place reshaped culture away from older peasant traditions and religion
 * Access to new information and meathods pushed for the change
 * Move away from western values


 * Rivalaries among leaders had to be sorted out after the death of Lenin in 1924
 * **Joseph Stalin** took over after Lenin, and he began to wipe out all politcal oppenents to keep himself in power
 * Soon to help the communist movement a central officice known as a **comintern** as founded as thei nternational communist office

Stalinism in the Soviet Union p698-703
__//Mi: As the depression hit, Stalin took the inititive to try to industrialize Russia to make it safe from loss of money, but he did so in a non capitilist way//__
 * //__Stalinism in the Soviet Union__//**
 * The depression buffed the soviet union hard, especially since it wasn't fully industrilized
 * Stalin sought to fully industrilize the nation, in a noncapitilist way
 * He did borrow the western idea of importing foreign engineers

__//MI:Stalin began to make farms state run to try to stray away from independantly owned, and greater increase food production. While also expanding, Stalin introduced the 5 year program, which was used to help make the Soviety Union into the third leading power in the world for export.//__
 * //__Economic Policies__//**
 * In 1928 programs to **collectivize** or make farms state run was set in place
 * Collectivization helped to control more over the peasants, rather than leaving them to scamble for themselves
 * This was used by Stalin, as he hoped to increase the speed of industrilization in the Soviet Union


 * Oppositions to this occured, and Stalin had those who opposed either killed or exiled to Siberia
 * Stalin increased in his authotarin way of ruling
 * He began to initize a new plan a centralized one for further industrilization


 * Stalin later launched the five- year plan
 * Government was able to construct massive factories, and commision industrial development
 * **Soviet** Union became the 3rd industrial power in the world, as things began to flow straight

__//MI:As a means to push towards industrial society, Stalin made society authortarian, so people would push and work hard thinking they'd get rewarded//__
 * //__Towards Industrial Society__//**
 * People were cramped into cities were they worked in the factories
 * Welfare systems were established, and prievious neglect was addressed and changed
 * Workers couldn't strike or quit, they were tied to their jobs

MI:Soon Stalin had absolute control of the state, killing anyone who opposed him and his ideas, as he ruined people to become the domint man in control of everything.
 * //__Totalitarian Rule__//**
 * Stalin insisted on uprisig over the values ofthe west, insisting that they were wronng (especially in art, and science)
 * The **socialist realism** was a dominant school, which emphazised the heroic idealization of workers, soliders, and peasants
 * Stalin ruined scientist or poeple who didn't agree with him on topics (such as evolution), and would thus exile them to prison camps in Siberia


 * Stalin was more of a totalitarian ruler than even Hitler's government, even using his own secret police to arrest those he suspected of crimes
 * Stalin's decisions left the Soviet Union slow to respond to threats emerging
 * Soon Stalin saw the danger of Hitler and his Nazi army in the west emerging to challenge and punish his slavic people

Eastern Europe after WWII p750-759
__//** The Soviet Union as Superpower **//__ //__MI:As the Soviet union pushed into the early 1940s and plus, it gained new alliences with other nations through their communist parties, having them join the soviet union, which only further increased their control and power over industry and ability to make war. By their developments of the atomic and hydrogen bombs, they could be seen as a world power much like the united states.__//
 * Gained and active role in Europeamd diplomacy and set up zones as it prepared to fight Germany during World war two
 * Soviet industrilization pushed the towards exspansion, and they gained aid from new communist governments in other nations, further expandig their control on nations (Vietnam, Cuba, China)
 * After the development of the atomic and hydrogen bombs, they could be seen as a military power capable of challenging the U.S, making them a world power

//__MI:After world war two, the Soviet Union took advantage of the poor governments iin weatern europe, and they were able to pus far west than any eatern power haad ever done.__//
 * //__The New Soviety Empire in Eastern Europe__//**
 * As a super power the soviet developed locations all across the major contients of the world
 * After world war two, the soviets took contol of the smaller nations that had been weakened as a result of both the world wars
 * OFten helped institute new governments in these locations that were communist and supporters of stalinism


 * Once in control the soviets wiped out opposing parties who could oppose the control
 * Policies such as colectivization was issued, and emerged in places like Poland
 * NATO helped to keep control of the people as a secret police


 * To isolate the west and east, the Soviet built the **Berlin wall** in Berlin Germany seperating the city
 * In 1956 as Stalism began to relax, nations soon were able to get leaders of their choice in office who fit soviet standars (poland i.e)
 * Soviet presentation in nations further turned them away from exspansion after world war two

//__MI:To keep control over the people, Stalin kept most of the life and culture of the soviet union isolated from freig ideas, and still central control was kept__//.
 * //__Evolution of Domestic Policies__//**
 * Comunist and Stalinism controlled most of soviet life, isolating them to prevent the infiltration of foreign ideas into the nations
 * Political structure still focused on central control with an omipresence of buracracy
 * Party membership was a low 6% to select the most fit candidates to help

//__MI: As an attempt to elimiate the west, the Soviets tried as hard as they could to be different. They rejected many orders such as the church, and founded their own princelples for culture to be based on and follow. Often restrictions were created in some areas, but the Soviet culture did lead to many advances and art forms.__//
 * //__Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institues__//**
 * Soviet reigme declared war on the orthodox church, and other religions, trying to weaken their control over the Soviet people
 * New orders were set up in the place, particuarly Marxist, which governed everyday life ideas, and religion was focused on being a bunch of mumbo jumbo
 * Antisemectism increases against the Jews, and is even promoted. Church attendance drops.


 * Western styles of art and literture are attacked, and become prohibited by the government. Is you do western you go to jail or are exiled like **Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn**
 * Culture still was diverse, with their own forms of arts emerging. Science was also restricted in a sense, but also was very explosive in developments
 * Culture promotes advancements, but Soviets try to stay from polluting themselves from nonmarxist people (the west)

//__MI:Inustrilization in thhe soviet union encouraged economic growth, but caused massive defects as a resault of pure strive to be the top. Social life was a lot stricter than that of the western socities, but still families were a bit peacful__//.
 * //__Economy and Society__//**
 * Rapid growth of industrilization caused many state controlled factories to emerge without having sole inititive from people
 * Technology was not as advanced as could be, and environmental destruction occurred from factories leaving waste
 * LAbor force continued to work, though constrained only problems that emerged were with the food supply and disease caused by the envrionmental watse


 * Social life pushes towards being more western, though it wasn't suppose to
 * Classes emerge dividing society into groups that are visible, and people are cramped into the cities
 * Birth rates end up droppig ad large families became less desirable


 * Children were treated tricter than in the west
 * Children were educated and were ensured to have good jobs in the future by doing so
 * Women took some role in the economy, as they began to recive some equal treatment in society

//__MI:After Stalin's death, new rulers who were introduced to the soviet union tried to destalinize things, knowing the terror he put in was a dictatorship that no one wanted. They tried to reform the government while also trying to stay ahead of the west prompting the cold war.__//
 * //__De-Stalinization__//**
 * After Stalin's death, the inability to select a ruler left the soviet open for a sucessor tha was debated by people
 * Eventually Nikita Khrushchev became the new ruler, and he tried t oreverse the dicatorship that Stalin had created in some ways
 * Began new campains to set the soviet union in the right direction away from Stalinism


 * Khrushchev tried to outbeat the west in industrilization and production, prompting new cold war feelings between the two nations
 * Excelled against the U.S with lauch of Spudnik in 195, showing they were ahead in science
 * Western culture began to make its way back into society with travel restictions and media being lifted


 * New foreign polcy problems emerged over time as nations broke away from their hold and began to become independant
 * New motivatioal problems emerged at offices and works which slowed down industry
 * The soviet system was begging to collapse from growing problems that were emerging as a result of being a world power

Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s p841-847
__//**The Age of Reform**//__ //__MI:After the election of Gorbachev into office, the stalinist government of the Soviets was forced to change with their new leader, becoming more free and somewhat western.__//
 * In 1985 **Mikhail Gorbachev** was brought into office as head of the soviet union
 * He began to challenge the old practices of Stalinism and change them
 * Government officials were replaced with new people


 * Though not a full westernist, supported the introduction of some western ways
 * Dressed western along with his wife
 * Sought to make peace with the U.s and lower the spur cause as a result of the cold war


 * Started **glasnost** policies, which proclaimed freddome and openness as well as the ability to critisize
 * Cut through the central apparatus to reform the economy
 * Began to reduce soviet isolation, as he began to grow contacts with others areas


 * Symbolic changes could be seen ahppening especially with the introduction of Mcdonalds in Moscow
 * The key to the reform was **perestroika**, or economic restructuring
 * Even urged the Soviets to help themselves by limiting drinking


 * As reforms continued some parts of the Soviet union were getting into conflict
 * Muslims and Christians in the south were fighting with one another
 * Social issues were begging to emerge from policies, and it seemed as if conflict was errupting within

//__MI: As reforms continued, the Soviet Union began to fall apart as the sections of it got new governments, who pushed away from communism, and tensions between areas rose. Gorbachev was kicked out of office, and wit h that new republics formed after the dispersal of the soviets__//.
 * //__Dismantiling the Soviet Union__//**
 * Gorbachev reforms, helped other nations push for their own indepdance reforms
 * States began to instal new political leaders who were non communist to run their goverment, even expelling current communist leaders
 * Even economic tensions in the the Soviet Union contributed to uprisings


 * Nations running themselves again began to show signs of drawing away from the soviet union
 * East and west Germany joined together in 1991, forming a single nations again
 * Violence wasn't an issue in the begginning, but in Romania it began to occur more instead of demonstrations


 * Many states such as Hungary and Bulgary began to fight with one in other
 * Civil war seemed like an inimate thing t ooccur in the soviet union
 * New contatcs with western nations, and seeing the new policies as a problem, forced nations to split


 * A coup was attempted but failed, leaving Gorbachev still in power
 * Eventually **Boris Yeltsin** took over and saw a split had to occur
 * He than becomes the president of Russia


 * By the 1990s Yeltsin deteriorated as his economy was bad
 * Civil war broke out again in Russsia
 * A new president **Vladmir Putin** was installed in 1990 vowing to clean up the corruption

3)Leadership analysis of Joseph Stalin


-Russia was undergoing a reform in government -Revoult occurring over the tsars -New leaders attempting to take over (socialist party) -Low economy due to world war one, causing wide spread famine and death -Low on industrialization || -Trying to appeal to the lower peasant people -Form a stronger government than the tsars -Restore land lost from the treaty of versies -Industrialize Russia || -Takes over the socialist party that is controlling Russia -Becomes head of the Soviet Union, which he tries to keep -Forces Stalinism on the Soviet union, causing wipe spread terror -Wipes out opposing parties so that no one can run against him -Constricts daily life so people can’t “critize” or speak out, or they’ll be punished -Sends prisoners/spies to Siberia to be locked away -Implies a new method of learning that focuses on trying to work harder than usual -Cold war due to aggression over land after the world war two || -Founds the secret police -Constricts society || Long-Term Effects -Establishes the Soviet Union, becomes the head -Isolates Soviet Union from the western world -Cold War ||
 * Name of Leader: Joseph Stalin ||
 * Lifespan: 18 December, 1878 - 5 March, 1953 || Title: General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ||
 * Country/region: Soviet Union || Years in Power: twelve ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Short-Term effects:

4) Thesis Statements for two questions
At the begging of 1914, Russia was a monarchy, ruled by the tsar, however civil revolt brought and end to the tsar's rule. By the late 1930s, Joseph Stalin came into power, and ruled the new Russia with a dictatorship type government, that was extremely violent as he tried to keep control over the government to one specific ruler. After Stalin's fall Russia kept its communism till the late 1990s, where it became a democratic state, where presidents could now be freely elected and the people weren't resricted when selecting politicians. -Be specific when discussing the types of political reigmes (liberal, tsarist, monarchy, communist, dictatorship) -Make sure to use similarities -Be specific type of government
 * Analyze the changes and continuities in Russian political structure from 1914 to the present

In 1914 Russian society was very traumatic, with many people poor and impoverished with very little ability to work. By modern times, people now were able to obtain jobs to inudstrilization and work, however poverty is still a reoccuring issue. --despising western influences -Geneder inequalities
 * Analyze the changes in Russian Society from 1914 to the present

1)**Take outline notes on China from 1912-Present (20 points)**

 * Toward Revolution in China 685-689
 * Mao’s China and Beyond 823-830

Toward Revolution in China 685-689
//__MI:After the end of the Qing dynasty, many new forcess wanted to become the new leading force in China, wheather they were a foreign power, or a Chinese person themself.__//
 * //__Toward Revolution in China__//**
 * With the end of the Qing dynasty, China's throne was left open to the next ruler whod rule the long thriving civilization
 * Many contendors who wanted to rule were powerful warlords, members of secret societies
 * The western political model was an attracted thing to use when rerunning China


 * Many warlords who wanted power combined together in cliques to protect their territories. The most powerful of the warlords was **Yuan Shikai** who hoped to start the next dynasty
 * The secret societies of China wanted a ruler who was not foreign, and were often divided
 * Japan ruled China for a time till being expelled in bloody war

//__MI:After the Entente powers tured some of Chinese land over to the Japanese, mass demostrations and boycots were used t oshow their hatred towards Japanese people. Later as a result of warlords not being able to exert complete control, people turned to Marxist ideas of revolution and society that had worked in Russia, forming a new communist party.__//
 * //__China's May Fourth Movemet and the Rise of the Marxist Alterative__//**
 * Sun Yat-Sen who had headed the revolution against the Qing was trying to seize power origially, but warlord opposition prevented him from doing so
 * Tried to found western style goverment systems, but Yuank Shikai shut him down after his trying to restart revolution
 * Yuan couldn't be emperor however due to other warlord schemes, and China stayed unruled by a new dynasty


 * As world war one started, Japan entered on the entente side, and quickly took German holdings in Pacific islands, as well as in China
 * Yuan was seen as a coward for not acting against Japanese takeover ,and rival warlords used this to shut him down
 * The fight for rule of China thus became a power struggle


 * After world war one land in China that was owed by the Germans was handed to Japan as a reward, which upset the Chinese who also fought on the entente side
 * On May 4th 1919 resistance began against Japanese rule in the **May fourth movement** by mass demonstrations, boycots, strikes and other meathods,
 * Western ideas were becomming a new way of doing things in China, as Confucianism was ridiculed for more western ways of thinking


 * Soon Chinese began to research the works of Lenin, Trosky, Engels, and Marx
 * New intelectuals such as **Li Dazhao** who researched Marxist ideology and taught it to people, such as his studet **Mao Zedong**
 * In 1923 the Marxist gained roots, and in a secret meeting, the Chinese communist party was born

//__MI:Although the communist party had been formed, the nationalist party (guomindang) had already begun to seize power in China. They ruled and founded military academisies and armies so they could one day rid themselves of the warlord problem. However they ignored the problems of the peasantry that made up 90% of China.__//
 * //__The Seizure of Power by China's Guomindang__//**
 * The nationalist party or the **Guomingdang** was trying to survive in south China
 * After their leader Sun returned to China in 1919 they went from being the revolutionary group to being called the nationalist party
 * They began to try to build an army of their own to rid themselves of the warlord menace


 * Nationalist leaders concentrated soley onn political and international issues, such as relations with other powers
 * Sun forged an allience with the communist party in 1924 to gain support from them so they could link workers and peasants
 * Also they brought in Soviet and Bolsheviks to support them


 * In 1924 the **Whampoa Military academy** was founded with soviet help and was headed by **Chiang Kai-shek**
 * Chiang waited to gain military power so that he could rid the communist and warlords from China, so the nationalist could take chare
 * Soon great difficulties between the peasants and government became obvious with a hostile feeling coming into China from the difficulty peasants faced due to the nationalist party

//__MI:After the nationalist party took over China, their agressive actions caused a spur in the communist party that led to their challenge of the nationalist. After the Japanese would weaken nationalist power in world war two, would communist be able to rule over China__//
 * //__Mao and the Peasant Option__//**
 * Mao was the son of a farily wealthy peasant, and hed rebelled against his father even as a young boy
 * Was educated in philosophy and economic theory that he learned himself
 * Cane under the influence of thinkers like Li Dazhao who helped place emphasis on the problems that peasants faced in China


 * Nationalist party took over in the 1920s, and Chiang's armies soon favaged against the communist and warlords
 * He was quick to use mass violence especially in Shanghai in 1927 where he started a brutal massacure
 * Mao led his allies on a thousand mile walk to Shaxi, which was called the **Long March**, where he would remained stationed until the Japanese invasion of China in world war two, where he would be able to reconquer China from the nationalist.

Mao’s China and Beyond 823-830
//__MI:After the Japanese invasion of China, Chiang was forced to make an alliance with the communist party, whom soon got control back of China after their plans to expell Japanese worked. They eventually took control over China after forcing the nationalist to flee.__//
 * //__Mao's China and Beoynd__//**
 * Chiang was on the verge of solving the issue with the communist, when the Japanese invasion began
 * Even as Japanese troops launched attacks against China, Chiang was very unresponsive and wanted to focus only on eliminating the communist
 * Eventally Chiang is forced to make an alliance with the communist party, which was adventegous for them


 * Japanese attacks eroded away the areas that the nationalist party held, making them even weaker
 * The communist warfare was able to beat Japanese troops unlike that of the nationalist
 * By the end of world war two, the nationalist were completely surronded by the the communist and the eventually fled from China


 * In 1949 Mao declares the establishment of the **People's Republic of China in Beijing**
 * Mao and his supporters began reofrms to better aid the peasant class with health care and helped fix the economy
 * Communist fights such as Mao's commander **Lin Bao** were trained far better than the nationalist which is why they could defeat the Japanese, and even had it not been for the Japs communist would have come to power because of their effectiveness in actully supporting everyone

__//**The Communist Come to Power**//__ __//MI:After the Communist came to power, they began by asserting their dominance in restoring land to China that had been lost, and even began military developments such as the atomic bomb.//__
 * The struggle to win China was rooted in the party **cadres** and the **People's liberation army**
 * The Chinese armies became an important thing in land disputes over borders and other nations
 * Strong political framework was still in place in China


 * Military conflicts began with an intervention with the north and south Korean war
 * Other disputes happened when they assited in Vietnam, and even fought with Russia and India over borders for land
 * What becomes surprising is when the Chinese develop nuclear technology, being the first unindustrilizaed nation to do so

__//**Planning for Economy Growth and Social Justice**//__ MI:While the first few years of communist rule turn out to be productive, the communist who were originally good soon turned into the enemies of China as they began to become as evil as the nationalist who'd been expelled.
 * After being installed the communist took the land away from the wealthy land owners and distributed it to poor peasants who needed the land
 * The goal of the communist were complete, China was now a peasant kingdom, however they saw that industrial growth would be the way for China to become great
 * Soon Mao pushed for the **Mass Line approcch** by forming algricultural cooperatives 1955


 * Chinese peasants had only enjoyed their new land for three years when the government began to take the mover under collectivization
 * In 1957 Mao encouraged people to speak their opinions of what had happened trying to draw out negative intellectuals
 * Those who spoke against were sent to prison camps or executed, a form of stalinism was emerging

//__MI:Mao launched his Great Leap Forward plan, however it seemed to push China backwards, as famine and plague ravished through the nation, and with rising population the state was falling apart. New leadership was decided to be the solution to the problems.__//
 * __The Great Leap Backward__**
 * In 1958 Mao launched his new plan called the **Great Leap Forward**, which was to excell China in the right direction
 * Rather than develop huge plants for industrilization, Mao encouraged people to use their own backywards to produce goods (backyard steel)
 * Mao preached the effectiveness of the "backwardness", however this was anything but productive


 * Within months it was clear that the Great Leap forward was the cause of rapid economic disaster in China
 * Famines occurred and for the first time China had to purchase food from outside people to feed it's own
 * China's population was continuing to rise with one of the highest birth rates in the world, and only increasing


 * Soon government programs were sponsered that limited the amount of children couples could have in China
 * Abortion was something which women practiced to reduced birth rates, and China's population was still increasing
 * Faith in Mao was lost, and soon a new leaders of the pragmatists came into power which included leaders such as **Zhou Enlai**, **Liu Shaoqui,** and **Deng Xiaoping**

__//**"Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens"**//__ //__MI: Mao's wife Jiang Qing struck revolutionary changes in the lives of the women in China, trying to take burdens off them and make their lives more free and equal.__//
 * **Jiang Qing**, Mao's wife was a hard revolutionary who used Mao's abilities to be able to challenge the ideas of women in the society
 * Tried to get increased women's rights especially with marrige decission and jobs
 * Got women to be equal to the status of men like in most places


 * Differed from the nationalist approach that tried to get women back to their old domestic roles
 * Tried emphasizing old wife treatings on subjects
 * Communist way got women more profesional jobs and more descision makings


 * Working outside the home however proved some what difficult for women
 * It was difficult to work a professional job than be expected to come home and do family work
 * Some women didn't even gain a right for marrige as arranges still did occurr and after Mao's removal of power, his wife lost hers too

__//**Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four**//__ //__MI: Mao's last campaign to regain revolutionary furver, caused wide spread chaos and turmoil, and not untill the revolutions ended and Mao died , did China begin to enter and age of prosperity that bettered it than before.__//
 * Although he lost his power, Mao was still head of the communist party and decided to start the Cultural revolution in 1965 as his last campaign
 * Mao inspired students who formed groups especially like the Red Guard, and they fought against rivals
 * Most of Mao's "allies" were imprisoned or killed by the driven people


 * However the state of China was falling apart, and it showed that Mao's revolution needed to end
 * The gang of Four was trying to seize control of the government from the pragmatists leaders after Mao's aging and death
 * They were stopped however and imprisoned. China than began to continue to develop under new leadership and became more prosperious than prerevolution.

2)Read add take __brief__ notes on //Democratic Protest and Repression in China// 848-849 – Answer the questions at the end of the document
-In Bejing people are rallying and protesting -State is growing more chaotic with demonstrations and strikes -Government does not want to hurt anyone, but the turmmoil can't continue -As a united party, the people will make China great

Li Peng objects to the protest movement because he feels the the protest by the young people is causing turmoil and cause in the Chinese government. He tries to persuade the Chinese that the protest must end because of the fact that China will be in turmoil and chaos as long as it is contining. He arguments of making China great again go with the communist belief to try to make it great through industrilization means of practice. The Chinese repressed the democracy becausen because they were unfitting to rule and caused only problems such as the one going on now.

3) Complete a leadership analysis on Mao Zedong


-China is broken up and weak with multiple groups trying to seize powers -Warlords dominate certain areas -Nationalist party is trying to take control of China -Peasant’s are being ignored and suffering -A poor economy is present in the nation, as they are not industrial -Women are not equal to men, practices such as foot binding still occuring || -Wanted to help the peasant people -Make China great again, bringing it back to greatness -Economic and social behaviors of Soviets -Practices and policies of Lenin, Trotsky, and Marx are seen as good -Is influenced by one of his teachers Li Dazoh || -Revolution to expel the nationalist party from China and establishing the People’s Republic of China -The Great Leap Forward, which was used to attempt to push China forward, but failed sending them into a state of famine -Limiting the number of children people could have to lower birth rate -Imprisoning criticizers that were intellectuals -Allowing his wife to change the state of women and making them equal to men -Cultural revolution, which caused uprisings which ridded Mao of his rivals for some time -Origially gave peasants the land of landowners, but later made them land for collectivization || -Puts China in famine from Great leap forward -Gives peasants land || Long-Term Effects -Establishes the People’s Republic of China -Sets the Communist party in power in China -Expells nationalist party -Nuclear technology, and war capabilities ||
 * === Name of Leader: Mao Zedong === ||
 * Lifespan: December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976 || Title: **Chairman Mao** ||
 * Country/region: China || Years in Power: 33 years ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Short-Term effects:

.4) Write a thesis statement for the following questions
At the begging of 1914, China was in a state of chaos with numerous political leaders trying to seize power, however by the present period China had established a specific political head with its president of the communist party. Still overtime however both party situations caused violence and tensions between different members of the people trying to rule over China. -Being specific on certain issues, naming specific people + events
 * Analyze the changes and continuities in Chinese politics from 1914 to the present

In 1914 Chinese society was still mostly run by men, as they asserted the most power over women and children, however as the present aprroches, women began to gain new grounds and became and equal to men. While women did gain equality to men, this equality caused tensions in their lives which caused many women to follow the basic men assertion way of life.
 * Analyze the changes in Chinese Society from 1914 to the present