The+First+Global+Civilization+The+Rise+and+Spread+of+Islam

== =1) The Five Pillars Of Islam=

:The Testimony of Faith:
“La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadur rasoolu Allah.” or “There is no true god (deity) but God (Allah), and Muhammad is the Messenger (Prophet) of God.” This pillar states that there is no true god but Allah, This testimony of faith is called the Shahada, a simple formula which should be said with conviction in order to convert to Islam. The testimony of faith is the most important pillar of Islam.

Prayer:
Muslims must perform five prayers a day. Each prayer does not take more than a few minutes to perform. Prayer in Islam is a direct link between the worshipper and God. In prayer, a person feels inner happiness, peace, and comfort, and that God is pleased with him or her. Prayers are performed at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and night.

: Giving Zakat (Support of the Needy):
Giving zakat is giving money to the needy or poor.

: Fasting the Month of Ramadan:
Every year in the month of Ramadan, all Muslims fast or do not eat, from dawn until sundown. The fast is regarded principally as a method of spiritual self-purification. By cutting oneself off from worldly comforts, even for a short time, a fasting person gains true sympathy with those who go hungry, as well as growth in his or her spiritual life.

: The Pilgrimage to Makkah:
The annual pilgrimage (Hajj) to Makkah is an obligation once in a lifetime for those who are physically and financially able to perform it.

3) ESPIRIT Chart Arabia Before Islam

 * E || - Bazaars in Mecca

-Herding people who raised animals helped provide an economy

-Herders herded camels and goats

-Merchants trading in cities such as Mecca across the Red Sea

-Agriculture occurred on the sea side and in areas where their was an oasis

- Mecca was the center of trade, while Medina was the center of arigculture ||
 * S || - The environment that the people lived in caused them to design a life style of that of nomads

-People lived in kin related clan groups in a large tribal type group

-Family was everything in Arabia, as one needed the loyalty of family and back up from family in order to survive in this hostile world.

- Social organization was

1. Shaykhs 2. Warriors 3. Slave families

-Tribal descent was traced from the mother

-Man was required to pay a bride-price to his prospective wife's family

-Women were not secluded

-Could not gain glory as warriors

-Their status depended on customs of individual clans and tribes, rather than on legal codes

-Customary practices of property control, inheritance, and divorce heavily favored men ||
 * P || - - Leaders of the tribes were the shaykhs and they were almost always men

- Somewhat of a dictatorship

-Ruling clan held control with the shaykhs as the head

-Clans would kill different members for simple crimes such as drinking from a rival clans well

-Wars often broke out from clans trespassing on other lands ||
 * I || - Cities such as Mecca, along the Red Sea traded with other places from the Mediterranean ||
 * R || -A bedouin religion which was a blend of animism and polytheism ||
 * I || -Composed and transmitted orally --> no written language

-Clan and tribal bards narrated poems that told of their kinsmens's heroics in war and the clan's great deeds

-Some poets were said to have magical powers, others possessed by demons

-Poems provide a vision of life and society in pre-Islamic Arabia ||
 * T || - Had weapons such as bows and spears for warfare

-Wells to provide drinking water to clans ||

Notes of Video lslam
-Muslims in some city call people when it's time to pray to God -Shaped the nations of 3 continetns and created an empire -Developed medicine and mathematics -Muhammed lived 570 A.D in the Arabian Peninsula -Before Muhammed Beduin tribe life that was very warlike -At age of 6 Muhammed's parents died and was sent to live with his uncle -Arabian culture was a very orally culture using poetry and songs to tell a tribe's history -Tribes defended there land most importantly their wells because wells were the only source of water that would allow people to survive -Each tribe had their own different Gods and spirit for things such as the god of night - The Kabba was said to be built by Abraham and was a religious symbol of beduin religion and it was were beduins were peacful -The Kaba allowed for Mecca to be a central place of trade on the Arabian Peninsula -Religions were mixed amoung Christians, Jews, and the many Islamic religions -The arabian penionsula was a major trade area where many routes connected the worlds empoires to each other -Muhammed married Hadija -Muhammed helped put the sacred black stone back in the Kaba at Mecca -Muhammed meditated in the mountains outside Mecca where he had an angel appear before him -Muhammed resived multiple revelations -Had to tell his people that there was only one god, Allah -The poor people converted easily because one God ment one union in which people could offer each other protection -Islam had a universal appeal to everyone -Muslim's began writting down Muhammed's messages in what was known as the Quran -The Quran is written and is still in Arabic -There is no description of Allah's appearance in the Quran -Images of Muhhammed is in images but they aren't religious images and his face is mostly hidden -As Islma grew, opposition to it also grew, and people questioned the beliefs in the Quran -The Quran talks about unjust going to hell (the fire) -Islam threatened old Arabic culture and ways of life -Tribial leaders of remaining Beduin tribes, tried to plan an assasination attempt of Muhammed -People without clan protection were tortured and killed -Muhammeds wife Hadija and his uncle died 619 A.D -Muslims joined together and made there own tribe -622 in the Christian calender is the first year in the Muslim calander -Medina was known as the city of the prophet -Muhammed didn't challenge the beliefs of other faiths -Muhammed's house in Medina was the first mosque -Muhammed reseved a revelation to pray in the direction of Mecca to the Kaba -The Muslims only had a fighting force of 318 and the beduins of Mecca had over a 1,000 warriors -Muhammed's attempt to bring Islam to Mecca peacfully failed,, so they had to fight physically -The Muslims fought for 3 years against the Beduins -With the powerful fighting force Muhammed had, other tribes began to join the Muslims to fight the Beduins -When Muhammed's people conqured Mecca, Muhammed didn't eliminate the people of Mecca who didn't believe him. He embrassed them and gave them mercy -Muhammed's people destoryed the ideals of other Gods at the Kaba, and thus was breaking the tribal system of the beduin -Islam than united the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula -Muslims began to travel north to Syria and west towards Egypt towards the Mediterranean Sea, the seas where the only thing to stop the spread of Islam -The Islamic empire was larger than that of the Roman Empire -Conqured people were pressured by the new resheme and were not appresed -A church in Syria allowed Islam service on Friday and Christians on Sunday, showing tolerance for both religions

4) Video of Islam Summary
The people who grouped religiously to follow the faith of Islam had a strong and ever lasting impact on the world. Prior to Islam, the world of the Arabian Peninsula was a bloody, war like world. The people lived in Beduin tribes, which were ruled by the ruling clan. They competed over land that poscessed water and wells for drinking. It was a dog eat dog world. The religions of the people were based on the Gods created by there ancestors, and they varied through each tribe. When Muhammed the prophet of Islam was born **(570 C.E - 632 C.E)**, he grew up in a society very different from most. When he was six his parents had died, and he was sent to live with his uncle. He experienced how a clan bring its people together could benefit each other.

One day Muhammed went up into the mountains outside of Mecca to meditate. While he was meditating he had a relavation, in which an angel appeared before him and delivered him the message of God. The angel stated that "there is only one true God". Muhammed's revalation caused him to begin to spread the new ideas of a faith that God delivered to him. He began by preaching in the city of Mecca spreading the words of God. The people who began to follow his teachings, became known as Muslims. The Muslims who listened to Muhammed, wrote his teachings in a book, later called the Quran. The Quran, written in Arabic, held the teachings of the Islam faith. As the Islam faith began to spread through the Arabian Peninsula, the beduin herders began to feel threatened. Although Islam didn't challenge there own faith ideas, they couldn't believe many of the teachings or beliefs that Islam had. The beduins, ended up expelling Muhammed from the city of Mecca and his people. The Islamic people migrated to the city of Medina were they founded the basis of their new lives.

After several years however, the people of Islam knew the religious importance that Mecca poscessed. The city held the Kaba, an important religious icon to the Muslims. Eventually Muhammed and the Muslims, decided peace was not the way they would win back the city of Mecca. The Muslims gathered there forces against the Beduin herders and prepared to challenge them for the right of Mecca. The war of Islamic people between the beduins lasted for three years. As word spread the the Muslim's strength, people began to join them more. Their forces eventually overpowered the Beduins and they won back the city of Mecca. However the Muslims, didn't enslave or kill the losing people of Mecca. They simply destroyed their Gods ideals at the Kaba. They established that their religion was the more important one.

Eventually the Muslim's began to spread their teachings across the known world. Because Islam was created in a world at the center of trade, it was carried by merchants. Through this way it travelled to multiple continents and spread ever more quickly. The Muslim's, began to spread their empire further east, west, and north. They spread all the way to the end of the Indian border in Asia, all the way west in Africa, and north into parts of Europe. Islam however still stressed its tolerance to other religions as when the Muslim's conqured new areas, they allowed people to keep their religion. The Islamic faith overall spread due to its acceptance of other religions, its spiritual unity, and the many qualities that made it stand out from the present religions, uniting hundreds of people.

How did the death of Muhammad lead to the Expansion of Islam?
The military commands, began to attack near by nations, which were small and weak. Althoug Muhammad was no longer there to lead them, the Muslims, were still able to conquer the near by lands, and spread their faith. However this expansion was land expansion only, as the generals and Muslims, did not force the people of the defeated lands to have to convert to the Islamic faith.

What were the motivations for Islamic conquest?
The Islamic people had multiple motives for their conquest. Some participated, knowing that booty or treasure from conqured people could be shared with them. Several beduin herders joined the conquest for this reasons. Others join want to fight knowing that they could glorify their religion and possible help its spread. Another reason people fought was the fact that they felt strengthened by the simple attributes of their new faith.

How were the Umayyads able to defeat their adversaries?
The Umayyads were able to defeat there enemies, because several of their adversaries undestimated the power of the Muslims. The Muslims were able to defeat their forces and by the time the leaders saw the threat, it was to late to cause a changed action. This was a reason the people of the Sasanian Empire, fell. The people of the Byzintine empire, over taxed their people and gave oppurtunities to the Islamic people. The Christians of Byz. knew the Islamics would tax them less than the Byz. did and they would also tolerate them. Thus the Christians joined the Islamics in their goal to conquer the byzantine.

What caused the major division in Islam?
Deciding who would become the next caliph of the empire. Some people believed it should be Ali (Shi'a) and others thought the Umayadas would choice a right caliph (Sunnis). This descission caused a great war and tension between the different muslims of Islam.

What was the extent of the Islamic Empire under the Umayyads?
The Umayyads spread Islam to northwest India, as west as Africa, Spain, and even to France. They changed the major religious city however from Mecca to Damascus in Syria.

How were people of the book treated under the Umayyads?
They were not treated equally. People of the book or dhimmis, had to still pay property taxes. They also didn't recieve any booty from the conqured nations as Muslims did. They also had little chance of gaining political positions or any position in the army.

Explain gender structures under the Umayyads
Islam created equal status in some ways for women. Women accompanied men on the battle field during the fight for Mecca during Muhammed's time. The religion regonized them equally as men in Gods eyes. Women however couldn't leade religious prayers. They were also allowed to praticipate in politics.

What factors led to the decline of the Umayyads?
The way of life of the warriros changed as they began to settle down. Also the non-muslims began to grow angry with the society they had to live in, and began to rebell. When they began to rebell, the people of the Shia also joined them and eventually the empire collapsed.