The+Rise+of+Russia

1)Questions and Leader Analysis Chart On Fredrick The Great
Under the control of the Mongols, Russia didn't reshape the basic Russian values, however control did lead to new things occurring. For one the Russians adopted the style of clothing the Mongols wore, as well as their social habits. The cultural life was weakened, as the literacy rate among the priesthood was lowered. Economic life deteriorated as trade went down, and manufacturing was limited. Russia had thus become a strictly agricultural based economy. -Reflected military values in the government -Pasid tributes to the Golden Horde, Russia treated like serfs under the Mongols -Mongols deleyed the arrival the Renisannce and Reformation from the west
 * 1)Describe the effects of Mongol occupation on Russian civilization**

Under the rule of the Ivans, the Russian people began to rise against the Mongols and push themselves into new territories. Both Ivans recruited peasants in which they used to migrate to new areas that were newly seized. These pioneers called **cossacks** used military tactics of horse back to gain lands for agriculture. They would set down a regular administration in the area they settled in. They were able to conquer to the Caspian Sea, Siberia, and towards the Urals. They were now gaining control of areas privieously owned by nomadic Asia peoples. The tsars rewarded loyal nobles and bureacrates with estates in these new territories. This brought agriculture and labor to new areas. Slaves were introduced for certain types of production. Trading connections began with new Asian territories who they were now neighbors of. -Ivan the 3rd married the niece of the last Byzantine empire to assume control over the church
 * 2)Trace Russian expansion under the Ivans.**


 * __//Peter The Great Leadership Analysis//__**

-Autocratic approch of ruling -Trade reestablished after being stopped -Afraid of foreign goods and how they may change society ||
 * Name of Leader: Peter The Great (Peter I/ 1st) ||
 * Lifespan: 9 June 1672 – 8 February 1725 || Title: Peter the Great ||
 * Country/region:Russia || Years in Power:1689-1725 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Mongol rule weakened the economic state of Russia was an agricultural based economy
 * The Ivans ruled Russia, as they were descendants of the Rurik family
 * Expanded into new territories through conflicts and cossacks migration
 * Internal order is created, and the Romanov family comes to power
 * Alexis Romanov sought to to change the church/ had powers on the church
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:


 * Autocrat- absolute monarch- believed in divine right
 * Didn’t support the idea of parliaments
 * Wanted to expand west
 * Sought to adopted cultural and economic developments occurring ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power:
 * Capital moved from Moscow to Saint Petersburg
 * Increased manufacturing of ships for his trading ports
 * Wanted to adopt practices of the West, and make Russia part of the West so he brought Artisans back to Russia from Russia
 * Economic development in order to support the military and not export goods

-Exteneded policy of recruiting burecrats outside the elite ranks -Aboloshing power of men in marriges over women -Port at St. Petersburg didn't freeze as much making good trading city ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Russia develops into a leading nation in Europe with new culture influences
 * Trading ports are established on Baltic and Caspian Seas
 * Made nobles shave their beards and stop wearing Mongol attire
 * Promoted serf dome
 * Endpowered upper class women || Long-Term Effects:
 * Founded St. Petersburg
 * The Romanov family continues as the rulers of Russia until 1917 during Russian revolution
 * Developed bureacratic system
 * Developed first Russian navy
 * New manufactoring to promote militarism ||

2) Leader Analysis on Catherine the Great



 * Name of Leader: Catherine the Great, Catherine II ||
 * Lifespan: 1729-1796 || Title: Catherine the Great ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power: 1762-1796 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Mongol rule weakened the economic state of Russia was an agricultural based economy
 * The Ivans ruled Russia, as they were descendants of the Rurik family
 * Expanded into new territories through conflicts and cossacks migration
 * Internal order is created, and the Romanov family comes to power
 * Being agricultural based meant the Russians relied on slave labor
 * Russia adopts Mongol style of clothing and social habits
 * Sought to expand into Western territor
 * Alexis Romanov gained powers over the Russian church
 * Peter the Great begins to westernize Russia
 * Adopted Western ideas to replace Mongol ones ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Highly influenced by Peter the Great
 * Autocrat
 * Continue to westernize Russia like Peter did
 * Combined enlightment interest with need to consolidate power ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power:
 * Instruction of 1767
 * Extended powers of the central government due to the Pugachev Rebellion
 * Extended power into Poland due to the Partition of Poland, which weakened the state of Poland
 * Westernizing Russia continues and adopt Western culture
 * Territory continued to expand as well as the power of the military and navy
 * Brought French philosophers over to Russia ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Strong central state
 * More western culture enters Russia || Long-Term Effects:
 * Russia becomes a world power ||

3)Notes on Russia Topics
__**Serfdom**__ __//MI: As serfdome developed in Russia, the ambitions of the nobility changed serfdome to being more like slavery than a peasant class.//__
 * During Mongol reign in Russia, the peasants were largely free farmers, however after the defeat of the Mongols, the Russian peasants fell into debt and had to accept servile status to the landlords. Had access to the land just not primary ownership
 * Serfdom satisfied the nobilty and regulated the peasants, when there was no bureacratic system to gain control of the common people
 * By the 1800 half the population was bound to serfdom
 * Serfdom was soon developing into a form of slavery that differed from the rest of the world because the actual people of Russia were becoming slaves, not outside people as it usually happened in other nations
 * Laws that made people born serfs stay serfs
 * Peasants had to pay high taxes or obligations to the state.

//__MI: Russia was a mostly agricultural economic state as no merchant class existed, and manufacturing was low due to the treatment of the serfs.__//
 * __Dependence__**
 * The nobility concerned about potential social competition prevented the emergence of a merchant class
 * Russia's economic system worked well, allowing it to expand its state and empire
 * Its exportation was not primarily focused on the west
 * Russia's population had doubled by the 18th century reaching 36million people despite having areas with harsh climates
 * Most agricultural methods were highly traditional and there was little motivation among the peasantry to improve production, knowing the nobles would seize the extra products
 * Manufacturing lagged behind western standards

__**Social Unrest**__ __//MI: The treatment of the peasant class in Russia led to multiple rebellions led by peasantry.//__
 * By the 18th century some aristocrats were suggesting to abolish serfdom, seeing the tension it was causing
 * Peasant rebellions and protest broke out due to the harsh conditions of serfdom
 * Peasants were loyal to the tsar, but hated their landlords, and accused them of stealing their land from them
 * Rebellions by peasants led to the destruction of manorial records, seizing of land, and death of landlords
 * The Pugachev rebellion, led by pugachev was to end serfdom and taxation to the peasant class. However this rebellion was crushed by Catherine the Great

__//MI: The east of Europe developed differently than that of the West//__
 * __Eastern Europe__**
 * Russia still could not recreate the societies of Europe even after rebuilding their societies and areas in the west of Russia began becoming more influenced by Europe.
 * In the Balkans under Ottoman control, trade grew and new cultural ideas and exchanges were circulating.
 * Poland and Slovak regions began new fundamental discoveries such as the Scientific Revolution.
 * Poland had declined in 1500, the largest state east of Europe, Polish life continued, but economic and political changes grew apparent.

4)Thesis and Paragraphs on Question
__//Compare the labor systems that emerged in Russia, + the Spanish colonies in the Americas 1480-1800//__ __//(donl't mention African slavery yet)//__ __//Thesis + 1 sim + 1 diff//__

Differences: Encomienda used forieng people who were captured to perform the laborer, the serfdome used the native peasant people to perform labor

Ecomienda gave the laberors some benefit learning Spanish and becoming catholics, biut serfdom offered no benefits

During the early modern era//, many// new labor systems developed, as a result of the expanding nations. The Russian state increased its territory over new lands in Asia and Europe, with no foreign people to perform labor, a labor system known as serfdom emerged. Western nations such as Spain which expanded into new territories in the Americas, and with foreign people present, the Spanish developed a labor system known as the encomienda system. Serfdom in Russia was a labor system where the peasantry class of Russia who fell into debt from landlords, were forced to work in order to pay off the debt they owed. The encomienda labor system in the Americas, focused on foreign people becoming forced to work as a method of paying tribute, while gaining some benefits such as learning Spanish, and being introduced to Catholicism. Both labor systems were sponsored by their local government leaders.

The Russian and Spanish governments both developed their labor systems, due to their government leaders sponsoring and promoting these labor systems. In Russia, Catherine the Great promoted the use of serfdom due to the multiple rebellions that had been occurring in the region. One Such event that occurred was the pugchev rebellion, which led to Catherine further promoting strictness on the peasantry class. She even wrote documents such as the partition of 1767. The Spanish grown are the ones who promoted the use of encomidenda system in the America's, during the Spanish expansion. The system was introduced and promoted as a form of tribute that would also educate the foreign people.

Serfdom of Russia focused heavily on the peasantry class of Russia being unable to pay back for their lads, and as a result were forced to work to pay back the landlords, however encomienda system used by the Spanish colonies, was used to achieve a form of tribute in the form of labor, but also educate these foreigners. In Russia, the peasantry class, which were Russian natives, were forced to pay landlords as work to pay for the lands that they fell into debt for. This system didn't give anything back to the peasantry, except for harsh punishments and treating them morel like slaves than peasant class people. The encomienda system used by the Spanish colonies, were used to achieve tribute in the form of work, however it also benefited the foreigners who participated in it. The Spanish used this to get work tributes from people like the Inca, however the Spanish would also teach the Inca Spanish and Catholoicism as a benefit of this labor system.