The+Model+UN

__//**Group:**//__ Kevin Schlegel, and Alex Yu __//**Country**//__:Republic of Korea (south korea)

**//__History__//**
[] - when it was made, why President Franklin Roosevelt made it, how it was established, Major Achivements..."United Nations Day"

[] -Accomplishments through out the years

__//**Organized**//__
The **General Assembly** has the brief to discuss and decide on issues of international peace and security. All members of the United Nations are represented in the General Assembly. It can make recommendations to promote international peace; international economic and social co-operation and it can promote human rights. The General Assembly is expected to meet on a regular basis and when a vote is taken it needs a two-thirds majority for it to be passed.

The **Security Council** consists of eleven members. Five of these are permanent (USA, USSR, GB, China, France). The General Assembly appoints another six members who are non-permanent members. The Security Council is given the primary task by the United Nations of maintaining peace and security at an international level. Each member of the Security Council is given one vote and a vote of seven members is needed for action to be taken. All five permanent members have to agree with the course of action. The Security Council can recommend the use of a blockade or other financial impositions for any nation that is deemed as breaking international law. If these do not work, then the Security Council can call on the United Nations to use military force to enforce its will. This is the major difference to the League of Nations – the United Nations has the ability to enforce its decisions as each member state has to pledge to provide a military component dependent on its national wealth and capability.

The main task of the **Economic and Social Council** is to promote and improve the economic and social well-being of those living in the member states. This council deals with human rights and seeks to develop a greater understanding of cultures throughout the world. An improvement in world health is also in its remit. Article 57 gives a clear indication of the areas this council covers: health, education, economic, social and cultural issues and the promotion of the position of women in the world. Each member of the Council has one vote.

The **International Court of Justice** (ICJ) is the main judicial body of the United Nations. All members of the United Nations are party to the International Court. The ICJ consists of 15 members and only two members come from the same country at any one time. All members of the United Nations have to agree to abide by the decisions of the ICJ.

The **Secretariat** comprises of a Secretary-General and it is the body that runs the United Nations. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly which receives recommendations from the Security Council. The Secretary-General is the United Nations’ chief administrative officer.

The **United Nations Trusteeship Council**, one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was established to help ensure that non-self-governing territories were administered in the best interests of the inhabitants and of international peace and security. The trust territories - most of them former mandates of the League of Nations or territories taken from enemy states at the end of World War II - have all now attained self-government or independence, either as separate nations or by joining neighboring independent countries. The last was Palau, which became a member of the United Nations in December 1994. Its mission fulfilled, the Trusteeship Council suspended its operation on November 1, 1994.

__//**21st Century Objectives**//__
[] - U.N developements of today including works of HIV/Aids

[]

[|Objectives]
 * The new opportunities, challenges and risks opened by the globalization and growing interdependence in the world economy, the critical situation and special problems in many developing countries and the special problems of economies in transition heighten the need for strengthened international cooperation. A strong political will is essential to sustain such cooperation. Through this Agenda, we renew our commitment and seek to impart new vigour to a global partnership for development.


 * The international community has convened over the past five years or so a number of major conferences and meetings which have adopted decisions and made commitments on key development issues aimed at reinvigorating the development process and international cooperation for development. These include the Declaration on International Economic Cooperation, in particular the Revitalization of Economic Growth and Development of the Developing Countries, the International Development Strategy for the Fourth United Nations Development Decade, the World Conference on Education for All held in Jomtien, Thailand, the Second United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, the World Summit for Children, the United Nations New Agenda for the Development of Africa in the 1990s, the Cartagena Commitment, Agenda 21 and the various consensus agreements and conventions adopted before, at, or after the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the World Conference on Human Rights, the Global Conference on Small Island Developing States, the International Conference on Population and Development, the World Summit for Social Development, the Fourth World Conference on Women, the ninth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and the World Food Summit.


 * These conferences bear witness that the United Nations system is and should continue to be more actively involved in the full spectrum of development issues. The accords, commitments and internationally agreed targets reached at these conferences should be fully implemented by all States and international organizations. Only through full implementation can we give credence to the notion that these development initiatives are truly a priority issue for the international community.


 * Such implementation requires foremost political will by all actors at all levels. Too often the gap between what has been agreed and what has been implemented leaves much to be desired both at the national and international levels. The commitments we have made individually and collectively need to be fulfilled if the development needs of all countries, particularly of the developing countries, are to be addressed effectively.

//(b) Enhancing the role, capacity, effectiveness and efficiency of the United Nations system in development//
 * To this end we reaffirm, through this Agenda for Development, the continued relevance of the agreements reached at these international conferences and other meetings of the United Nations and stress the need for an integrated, interrelated and coherent implementation and coordinated follow-up to these conferences.


 * As we approach the twenty-first century, it is the collective responsibility of the international community to ensure that within the multidimensional and integrated character of its mandate the United Nations system is equipped to show leadership in the fulfilment of the commitments made on international cooperation for development, and to serve as a forum for the expression of global goals and as an advocate for the promotion and protection of all human rights, including the right to development and the protection of the environment, as well as to respond to humanitarian assistance requirements and to maintain peace and international security.


 * The United Nations system, by virtue of its global reach, its universal membership, its impartiality and the unique and comprehensive mandate reflected in its Charter has a vital role to play in the development process. Enhancing this role, capacity, effectiveness and efficiency require a continuous focus on development issues and ensuring its sound financial basis.


 * The wide array of issues which the United Nations system addresses is reflected in its various functions, such as those of the specialized agencies, including the Bretton Woods institutions, and the regional commissions. Each part of the system has a specific role to play in addressing these issues. Relative strengths and weaknesses among the various parts of the system cannot be ignored. Enhancing the role, capacity, effectiveness and efficiency of the United Nations system has to take these basic facts into account and programmes should be concentrated on areas where particular needs and the special capacity of the Organization converge.


 * However, overarching these considerations of efficiency and effectiveness of delivery is the political dimension of the development agenda. The United Nations is unique because it conducts international political debates on all issues in the economic, social and related fields. These debates should provide political impetus to other fora to undertake the necessary policies and measures. Hence, the United Nations political interaction not only with Member States, the specialized agencies, including the Bretton Woods institutions, and the regional commissions, as well as with organizations such as the World Trade Organization, but also with non-state actors should be intensified with a view to enhancing effective action and coordination among them in the economic, social and related fields.


 * This Agenda for Development sets out a new framework for international cooperation, defines the role of the United Nations, and how both can make a particular contribution, and sets out the development priorities as well as time-frames for implementation and keeps the implementation of the development agenda under political review.
 * //2. Promoting development based on an integrated approach//**


 * Sustained economic growth is essential for expanding the resource base for development and, hence, for economic, technical and social transformation. It generates the required financial, physical, human and technological resources. It is also essential to the eradication of poverty. An open and equitable framework for trade, investment and technology transfer, as well as enhanced cooperation in the management of a globalized world economy and in the formulation and implementation of macroeconomic policies, are critical for the promotion of growth and development. While the private sector is a motor for economic growth, the government has an active and essential role in the formulation of economic, social and environmental policies.


 * . In order to ensure an integrated approach to development centred on human beings and to achieve sustainable development, economic growth on its own is not sufficient and environmental protection cannot be considered in isolation from the development process. The goal of development is the improvement of human well-being and the quality of life. This involves the eradication of poverty, the fulfilment of the basic needs of all people and the protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the right to development. It requires that Governments apply active social and environmental policies, and the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms on the basis of democratic and widely participatory institutions.


 * Investments in health, education and training are particularly critical in the development of human resources and should be pursued in such a way that everyone, both women and men, are given an equal opportunity to participate actively and productively in the development process. The improvement of the role and status of women, including their empowerment, is central to all efforts to achieve sustainable development in its economic, social and environmental dimensions. Diversion of resources away from social priorities and needs should be avoided and, where it has occurred, be corrected. Basic social programmes and expenditures, in particular those affecting people living in poverty and the disadvantaged and vulnerable groups of society, should be protected from budget reductions. When formulating and implementing structural adjustment policies and programmes such considerations should be taken into account.


 * Development is and should be centred on human beings. Economic development, social development and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing components of sustainable development, which is the framework of efforts to achieve a higher quality of life for all people. As the well-being of human beings depends on all facets of development, a multidimensional approach to development is essential. Therefore, any formulation of strategies, policies, and national, subregional, regional and international actions has to be based on an integrated and comprehensive approach. It is in this spirit that we frame this Agenda for Development. All of the areas identified for action are closely interrelated for implementation of this Agenda.

__//**Sources**//__

Links used for research are listed on the following Delicious account: = Sources =


 * __//Republic of Korea (South Korea)//__**



[|View Larger Map] __**//Government//**__ Type: Republic with powers shared between the president, the legislature, and the courts. Liberation: August 15, 1945. Constitution: July 17, 1948; last revised 1987. Branches: Executive--President (chief of state); Prime Minister (head of government).Legislative--unicameral National Assembly: Judicial--Supreme Court and appellate courts; Constitutional Court. Subdivisions: Nine provinces, seven administratively separate cities (Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon, Ulsan). Political parties: Grand National Party (GNP); Democratic Party (DP), formerly known as United Democratic Party (UDP); Liberty Forward Party (LFP); New Progressive Party (NPP); Pro-Park Alliance (PPA); Renewal Korea Party (RKP). Suffrage: Universal at 19. Government budget (2009): Expenditures--$227.2 billion. Defense (2008): 2.5% of GDP.

**//__Economy__//** GDP (purchasing power parity in 2009): $1.364 trillion. Real GDP growth rate: 2007, 5.1%; 2008, 2.3%; 2009, 0.2%. GDP per capita (2009, current U.S. $): $17,074. Unemployment rate (2009): 3.6%. Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2008, 4.7%; 2009, 2.8%. Natural resources: Coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential. Agriculture: Products--rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit, cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs, fish. Arable land--16.58% of land area. Industry: Electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel. Trade (2009): Exports--$363.5 billion: semiconductors, wireless telecommunications equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicals. Imports-- $323.1 billion: crude oil, food, electronics and electronic equipment, machinery, transportation equipment, steel, organic chemicals, plastics, base metals and articles. Major export markets (2009)--China (23.2%), U.S. (10.1%), Japan (5.8%), Hong Kong (5.3%), Singapore (3.6%). Major importers to South Korea (2009)--China (16.8%), Japan (15.3%), U.S. (9.0%), Saudi Arabia (6.1%), Australia (4.6%).

 **__//People//__**  Nationality: //Noun and adjective//--Korean(s).  Population (2010): 48,636,068.  Annual population growth rate (2010): 0.258%.Ethnic groups: Korean; small Chinese minority (about 20,000).  Religions: Christianity, Buddhism, Shamanism, Confucianism, Chondogyo.  Language: Korean; English widely taught in junior high and high school. <span style="color: #252525; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;"> Education: //Years compulsory//--9. //Enrollment//--11.5 million. //Attendance//--middle school 99%, high school 95%. //Literacy//--98%. <span style="color: #252525; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;"> Health (2010): //Infant mortality rate//--4.24/1,000. //Life expectancy//--78.81 yrs. (men 75.56 yrs.; women 82.28 yrs). <span style="color: #252525; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;"> Total labor force (2009): 24.37 million. <span style="color: #252525; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;"> Labor force by occupation (2007): //Services//--67.7%; //industry//--25.1%; //agriculture//--7.2%.



*think about human rights and aids relativity, does it take away some human rights <span style="color: #252525; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"> Sources:
 * 1) providing HIV/ Aids awareness
 * 2) prior to prevalence of aids in Korea, media depicted HIV/ aids as dramatic and raised fears
 * 3) providing condoms
 * 4) blaming/ deportation of foreigners
 * 5) no signs of population decrease, labor productivity, or detoriorating health/ education system
 * 6) stigma and discrimination towards HIV/ aids hindered preventions efforts
 * 7) reluctancy to get test b/c of fear of stigma attached to the disease
 * 8) private donation and funding for the disease education from public and corporate sectors are virtually nonexistant
 * 9) thus, is low and difficult
 * 10) when the epidemic began, gov't response was to register HIV- positive individuals so that the gov't would have control over all PLWHA
 * 11) 94% of HIV/ aids spread through sexual intercourse
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